Cahyani , Ardhiyan (2009)
Abstract
The researcher investigates how defense mechanism is used by the major character to survive and reduce his anxiety to be a doctor in Tom Shadyac’s Patch Adams movie, especially viewed from psychoanalytic approach. The objective of the research is analyzing the personality structure of major character based on the psychoanalytic theory by identifying the relation of major character based on the psychoanalytic theory by identifying the relation metal condition of major character and structural elements of the movie. The research paper belongs to the qualitative research the object of the study is the personality of Patch Adams. The data source come from primary data source that is the movie and the secondary data source are biography of the author, website and related with the movie. The method of the data collection is descriptive analysis. Having analyzed the movie, the writer can make conclusion that make other people laugh and happy can reduce our own anxiety such as in Patch Adam’s character. In this tension, the need defense mechanism is to reduce the anxiety. In this case defense mechanism is used to reduce anxiety by considering the id, ego, and superego
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
Human being lives in society, for that reason problem may arise in the society in which the individual contact with another. Sometimes the problems make someone unsatisfied such as getting anxious o hurry in his/her life. In this condition, one needs solution to solve it. Every body has ability to handle it. In human psychology, ego will act to save his/her self without caring the superego, ego has the ways in keeping the anxiety. In psychological world or physic condition it needs a defense, it is called with defense mechanism.
Ego defense mechanisms help some one to protect from anxiety. It has purpose to reduce or even to avoid unpleasant condition when somebody faces a problem or threat. Freud defined an ego defense mechanism as a mental strategy to against superego pressures (Hjelle and Zieglar, 1992:104).
Defense mechanisms are effort to deny or falsify or reality. Hajjle and Zieglar (1992:104) states that “all defense mechanism share two commons characteristics: (1) they operate unconscious level and therefore self deceptive and (2) the distort, deny, falsify perception of reality, so as to make anxiety less threatening to the individual.”
Literary work always concern with human life. It is made by processing all sides of human life, such as in psychological aspect and other aspect that deal with human behaviour. All the sides of human life will become inspiration in literary work that contains many things. For that reason,
psychology phenomena quite influence in literary work. Visual example is in a movie or film. A director will make a story based on fiction or true story in psychological knowledge and condition of human being surrounding. The characters will be made similarity with characteristic or real life of human being. An example will be applied and discussed with psychoanalytic study in a literary work with director Tom Shadyac‟s that is Patch Adams.
Patch Adams is a comedy drama film directed by Tom Shadyac and based on the true story of Hunter "Patch" Adams and the book Gesundheit: Good Health is a Laughing Matter by Adams and Maureen Mylander. Release on December 25, 1998 by Universal Pictures. The film runs 1 hour 55 minutes. Film takes location in San Francisco, California, Asheville, North California, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and USA. Cast: Robbin Williams as Haunter „patch‟ Adams, Daniel London as Truman Schiff, Monika Potter as Corine Fisher, and Philip Seymour Hoffman as Mitch Roman. The film is considered a box-office success also get salary twofold from the cost.
In 1999, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Music, Original Musical or Comedy Score by Marc Shaiman, nominated American Comedy Awards for Actor in A Motion picture by Robbie Williams, nominated for Golgen Globe for Best Motion Picture by Mike Farrell, Barry Kemp, Marvin Minoff and Charles Newirth, best performance by an actor in a motion picture-comedy/musical by Robbie Wiliams, nominated for Satellite Awards for best performance by an actor in a motion picture-comedy/ musical by Robbie Wiliams, nominated for Teens Choice
Awards for Film Choice Comedy, nominated for Young Artist Awards for Best Family Picture-Comedy and in 2000, won of ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards for Top Box Office Film by Marc Shaiman.
Patch Adams is a middle-age man who commit him self to a psychiatric institution for trying to commit suicide. When the doctor check Patch Adam‟s condition, doctor gives some question for him. Patch answer and try to share his problem with the doctor. Unfortunately, the doctor just heard the history but never try to understand. Patch thought that the doctor will not repair his condition.
In psychiatric institution, patch have roommate Rudy. He have phobia with squirrel. One day, Rudy want to go to bath room but he feels afraid. He imagines that there are so many squirrels around him. Patch try to understand why Rudy afraid with squirrel and make sure that they are one of the most amiable creatures on the planet. Patch gets successfully and makes Rudy brave go to bath room. Patch feels that, when he help Rudy, a moment he forgets his problem. After that, he discovers that the key to human happiness is having loving and caring people in your life. He also discovers his desire to help other through laughter, understanding, and personal connection. Patch leaving the psychiatric institution and enrolls into medical school.
Patch Adam movie get pro and contra from audiences. The audience support this film because they tough that this film inspirited them to be more like that and to talk to people and communicate with them. One of audience said “I love Patch Adam. It was such a great movie because he had such a great heart and was so kind to every one” (Lauren Weessie, age 24)”. Other that, support also given for Robbie Williams for his great acting. Patch Adam movie also get some criticize from the audience. Especially scene when Patch Adam showed his angry with God. “This movie was awful! It made me never want to see a Robin Williams movie again. The scene where he's angry with God is very shameful. Who is man that they should speak to God in that way. God receives no glory in this movie. Don't waste your time or money on this movie”, (Phillip Bowers, age 43).
The writer interest in Patch Adam‟s character because he has strong character, brave to take a decision and do what he consider. It is deference with the writer, so it inspiration her to be braver in take a decision. Other that, the writer interest in plot of this movie. There, showed how Patch Adam discovers his decision. Started from he commit himself to psychiatric institution, saw that many of the patients around him suffered from loneliness. He made friends with the patients, and he discovered that the key of human happiness is having loving and caring people in your life. Then he enrolls to medical school and begins interacting with patients. Until he accused of practicing medical without license and almost blocked his graduation from medical school. The writer also interest in Patch Adam defense mechanism because patch try to change his anxiety, forget his problem by helping other people.
From this reason, the writer chooses the psychoanalytic approach to analyze the film. The research paper entitled “DEFENSE MECHANISM OF
PATCH ADAMS IN TOM SHADYAC‟S PATCH ADAMS MOVIE: A PSYCHOANALYSIS APPROACH”.
B. Literature Review
Here, the writer compares several researchers which relate to the topic of this research. There are two researches which relate to the object of this research. First, Steven C. Scheer (1998), he describe how Patch use unusual way to treat his patient. He makes the patient happy in order to increase their quality of life, until he almost drops out from medical school.
Second research is done by Ririn Fitria Yuniati (2009), she was the student of English Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Her research entitles “The Struggle of Patch Adams to Be a Doctor in Tom Shadyac Patch Adams: An Individual Psychological Approach”. In her analysis, she described the way and struggle of Patch Adams to be a doctor and the difficulties that he gets. But the difficulties make him stronger in reach his dream.
While in this study different from two previous studies, the writer is going to analyze the defense mechanism of Patch Adam in order to reduce his anxiety in reach his dream. Entitle “DEFENSE MECHANISM OF PATCH ADAMS IN TOM SHADYAC‟S PATCH ADAMS MOVIE: A PSYCHOANALYSIS APPROACH”.
C. Problem Statement
The problem in this study how the Defense Mechanism is reflected in Tom Shadyac‟s Patch Adams movie: psychoanalytic approach.
D. Limitation of the Study
To carry out the study, the researcher needs to limit the study. The researcher is going to analyze Patch Adam as one of the major character in Patch Adams movie, based on psychoanalytic approach.
E. Objective of the Study
a. To analyze the movie based on its structural elements.
b. To analyze the movie based on psychoanalytic approach.
F. Benefit of the Study
a. Theoretical Benefit
To give additional information and contribution to the larger body of knowledge, particularly studies in Patch Adams movie.
b. Practical Benefit
To give deeper understanding for the writer herself about the movie based on psychoanalytic approach.
G. Research Method
1. Type of Research
In this study, the researcher applies qualitative research.
2. Object of Research
Object of the research in this case is Tom Shadyac‟s patch adams movie. In introducing the research, the writer is going to analyze it by using psychoanalytic approach.
3. Source of Data
There are two types of namely:
a. Primary Data Source
The primary data sources are taken from Tom Shadyac‟s Patch Adams movie and its manuscript by Carol De Pasquale.
b. Secondary Data Source
The secondary data are taken from other sources, which are related to primary data that support the analysis. They are books and virtual reference as documentation.
4. Technique of the Data Collection
The methods used for collection data are library research and documentation. These are technique of data collecting
a. Watching and learning to the movie rapidly.
b. Reading the script to get more understanding.
c. Reading some related reference to observe the theory, data and information.
d. Making notes of important part and both primary and secondary data source.
5. Technique of the Data Analysis
In this research, the technique that is used to analyze the data is descriptive analysis, in which the researcher identities defense mechanism of major and main character in Tom Shadyac‟s Patch Adams movie using psychoanalytic perspective.
H. Paper Organization
The writer organizes the research paper into five chapters. The first chapter is introduction, which contain the background of the study, literature review, problem statement, limitation of the study, objective of the study, benefit of the study, research methodology and research paper organization. The second chapter is dealing with underlying theory that consist of the notion of psychoanalysis, structure of personality, anxiety, defense mechanism in psychoanalysis theory, structural element of movie, and theoretical application. Third chapter deals with the structural analysis of the movie and discussion of the movie. Fourth chapter is the psychoanalytic analysis. In addition, finally is fifth chapter draws conclusion and suggestion.
FACE OF OUR LIBRARY
Sunday, April 24, 2011
DEFENSE MECHANISM OF PATCH ADAMS IN TOM SHADYAC’S PATCH ADAMS MOVIE: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROAC
Friday, April 22, 2011
ANXIETY OF OLIVER TWIST IN CHARLES DICKENS’S THE ADVENTURES OF OLIVER TWIST: PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
ANDHIKA, HIMAWAN PUDYA (2009)
SUMMARY
This problem statement of this study is how Oliver Twist’s anxiety
influences his personality in Charles Dickens’s The Adventures of Oliver Twist.
The object of the research is the novel entitled The Adventures of Oliver Twist, by
Charles Dickens. The researcher uses Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory.
The study belongs to qualitative study in which the writer uses two data
sources, namely primary data source and secondary data source. The primary data
source is the novel The Adventures of Oliver Twist it self and the secondary data
source is the other sources related to the analysis such as the author biography,
books of literary theory and also psychological books, particularly related to the
psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud like: New Instructory Lectures on
Psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud, 1964. The method of data collection is library
research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis.
From the result of analysis, it can be drawn some conclusion. Firstly, the
elements of the novel present a good unity. It consists of exposition, complication,
climax, and resolution. Secondly, the anxiety of Oliver Twist influences his Id to
do something under his unconscious. As the work of Ego, Oliver Twist fulfills the
Id demand. Nevertheless, his Superego can differentiate what is true and false.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Everybody has a problem in their lives. There is no one who lives in
the world without having a problem. A kind of problem can motivate a
person to do something better, so they feel challenged. But, there are many
existing problems that can make uncomfortable and anxious. Sometimes,
people are capable of solving the problem rationally; that is they can face the
problem in hurry and the problem creates anxiety.
Anxiety is a problem in the real world; it becomes a problem for
people. Some people try to reduce the anxiety by escaping from the problem
a moment and getting happiness from the environment. Anxiety is a state
closely related to fear and, like fear it has motivation consequences.
Anxiety as one of psychoanalytic principles is part of psychoanalytic
studies. An Australian Physician, Sigmund Freud, found the psychoanalytic
theory of human being personality in the early 1900s. The term of
psychoanalysis has fundamental assumption that the mental element of
human is divided into two levels: The conscious (the rational) and the
unconscious (the irrational). Then Freud describes three components of
personality: there are Id, ego, and superego. In the concept of psychoanalytic
theory, Anxiety is the most important element in psychoanalytic theory. In
defining anxiety, Freud emphasizes that is “a self effective, unpleasant state,
accompanied by a physical sensation that warn the person against impending
danger. The unpleasantness is often vague and hard to pinpoint, but the
anxiety itself is always felt” (Freud, 1933/1964: 82-85). According to Hall
(1985: 41), anxiety is a “ a key variable in almost all theories of personality.
The point of conflict, which is an inevitable part of life, anxiety is often seen
as a major component of personality dynamics”.
Literature psychoanalysis is an interesting subject to be presented by
authors as the major theme of their literary works. One of the authors who
propose the psychoanalytic study, especially anxiety as the problem of his
literary work is Charles Dickens in his play The Adventures of Oliver Twist.
Charles Dickens was born on February 7th, 1812 in Landport division
of Porsea, England. He was the second child and the oldest son of John and
Elizabeth Dickens. During his childhood Charles Dickens lived in poverty.
His fate became worse then since his father, John Dickens, was imprisoned
for unsolved debt earthily, and Dickens who was twelve years old, went to
work in a factory for making boot blacking in London. He bitterly resented
having to leave school to do unskilled work from of this kind, feeling that he
would never have the change of doing well in life. When he was fifteen, he
became a clerk in a lawyer’s office. Dickens grew as an ambitions figure and
he went on his own education, reading as much as he could he also taught
himself shorthand and as the result he was soon as an expert shorthand
writer. Such skill than led him become a reporter in the law contrary, taking
down the political speeches for newspaper. The real beginning of his career
as an author came in 1836. At the time he wrote the Pickwick Paper, which
he developed and became his first novel Pickwick. This was foundation of
his career as an author until he succeeded creating a large number of novels:
Oliver Twist (1837), Nicolas Nickleby (1838), The Old Curiosity Shop
(1840), He Battles Life (1846), Hard Times (1854), Little Dorrit (1855), A
Tale of Two Cities (1859) and so on. Oliver Twist is a part of historical
novel, the background of the novel is Industrial Revolution. In the Industrial
revolution the children must be strong, they must have many power to do
their job, because in that era many children are worked although he must
becomes a thief. They must strive to defend their lives, although they have
not parents.
In this research the writer chooses the title “ANXIETY OF OLIVER
TWIST IN CHARLES DICKENS’S THE ADVENTURES OF OLIVER
TWIST: PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH”.
B. Previous Study
Oliver Twist is one of Charles Dickens best sellers and interesting
novel to analyze. Santi Noviana (2003) studied Struggle for Life Reflected
in Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist: An Individual Psychological Approach.
The other researcher was Retno Trimulyani she analyzed Nancy’s moral
virtues as reflected in Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist. She did not analyze the
major character, but she analyzed one of the minor characters, Nancy. She
focuses on Nancy’s moral virtues as a woman. The researcher did not find
any research which analyzed the same novel but found another researcher
who used the same approach. She was Nunik Transristy (2003), a student of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, her thesis entitled Anxiety of Harry
Potter’s in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Camber of Secrets: A
Psychoanalytic Approach . Meanwhile, the present researcher analyzes this
novel focusing on anxiety of Oliver Twist’s by using psychoanalysis entitled
Anxiety of Oliver Twist’s in Charles Dickens’s The Adventures of Oliver
Twist: A Psychoanalytic Approach
C. Problem Statement
The problem statement of this study is how anxiety of Oliver
influences him in Charles Dickens’s The Adventures of Oliver Twist
D. Limitation of the Study
This study is limited to the Anxiety of Oliver Twist in the novel Oliver
Twist. This study uses the theory of Psychoanalytic.
E. Objective of Study
The objectives of the study are follows:
1. To analyze the structural elements of the novel.
2. To analyze the main character’s (Oliver Twist) personality based on the
psychoanalytic perspective.
F. Benefit of Study
The benefits of this study are:
1. Theoretical Benefit
Hopefully, the result of this research will give some benefits to the world
of literature, beside development; particularly the literary study on
Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist
2. Practical Benefit
This study is expected to give deeper understanding about the novel
especially from the aspect of psychoanalysis and gives input to other
researchers who are interested in analyzing Charles Dickens’s Oliver
Twist.
G. Research Method
1. Type of the Research
In analyzing the novel, the researcher uses qualitative research. It
is a type of research that does not need a statistic to collect the data.
2. Type of the Data and the Data Source
The type of data is text, while the data sources are divided into
two kinds:
a. Primary data source
The primary data source is the play itself; The Adventures of
Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens’s.
b. Secondary data source
The secondary sources of data are books of literary criticism,
and articles from the internet and movie.
3. Technique of the Data Collection
The technique of data collection in this study is library research.
It consists of some steps, as follows:
a. Reading the novel rapidly and tries to imagine to understand the
novel
b. Identifying the data
c. Taking notes and underlining the important words, phrases of
sentence, which are related to the study
d. Classifying the data into some categories
4. Technique of the Data Analysis
The technique of data analysis of the research is descriptive
analysis, it’s used to describe the element of the play make some
understanding to ward the play.
H. Paper Organization
This study consists of five chapters. It is started with the first chapter,
introduction that comprises of the background of the study, literature review,
problem statement, objective of the study, benefit of the study, research
method and paper organization. The second chapter presents the underlying
theory and theoretical application. The third chapter presents the structural
analysis of the play, which involves the character and characterization, plot,
setting, theme, and style. The fourth chapter presents psychoanalytic
analysis and its application in analyzing Charles Dickens’s The Adventures
of Oliver Twist. The fifth chapter deals with conclusion and suggestion for
this study.
Thursday, April 21, 2011
LIVING WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN RON HOWARD’S A BEAUTIFUL MIND MOVIE: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
APRILIANI , KUSUMANINGTYAS (2009)
Abstract
The major problem of this study is to reveal the living with Schizophrenia in Ron Howard’s A Beautiful Mind movie. The objective of the study are to analyze the structural element of the movie and to analyze the character of John Forbes Nash on Psychoanalytic approach developed by Sigmund Freud. Including this study, the researcher uses qualitative research in which the data are based on primary data, the script of A Beautiful mind movie. Second data are reviews of the movie those are collected from various sources and other data, which deal with the research such as from the website, journal, and other reference that has connection with the research. In analyzing the data, the researcher applies two approaches; they are structural analysis approach and psychoanalytic approach. Structural analysis is used to analyze the elements of the movie it is consist of characterization, setting, point of view, plot, style, theme, cast, mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing and sound. The psychoanalytic is used to analyze the living with Schizophrenia of John that influences his personality. The result of the analysis shows that the personality of John is influenced by his life with Schizophrenia that is dominated from system of personality. It is divided into three; they are Id, Ego and Superego.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Many people are stressed and felt frustration if they cannot solve their
problem. It may occur in natural disaster, for example: when the victims still
alive from disaster, they get heavy trauma. It can change behavior; maybe they
become demure and difficult to communicate. It caused soul trouble. The soul
problem occurs when people has depression, confusion and sorrow. It make
crazy. The other soul problem is like hallucination and delusion. This is a kind of
symptom of Schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is a syndrome with abnormally in content and mind
organization, stress or emotional, identity, and psychomotor behavior.
Schizophrenia is soul trouble that is marked with many symptoms such as loss of
contact with reality, loss of trust; deviation fills mind, eyesight and hearing
perception, decreasing of motivation and blunt emotion (Kaplan, 1995:407).
Schizophrenia can also occur to everyone. This is mental illness. The
patient cannot differentiate reality from hallucination on the mind. It can change
behaviors. The patient assuming that he is feeling like a great person and he feel
anxious. The patient has fluctuating emotion. The people can infected this disease
from environment or genetic factor.
Family environment can influence the happening of this disease.
The dead of close family, the temperamental family,
and difficult economic are factors cause of schizophrenia.
The problem of schizophrenia is a phenomenon of life that deals with the
psychological science. It is not only interest psychiatric but also interest a man to
study schizophrenia. Literary work is not only come from author’s imaginary but
also come from real life. From real life, it can be a good masterpiece. There is the
movie that reflecting the phenomenon of schizophrenia, which entitled A
Beautiful Mind movie.
A Beautiful Mind is a movie based on real life of John Forbes Nash, a
mathematician who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994 and he was
infected Schizophrenia. Ron Howard directed the film. A Beautiful Mind movie
was written by Akiva Goldsman, produced by Brian Grazer, Ron Howard and
distributed by Dream Work Pictures. It was inspired by a bestselling book of the
same name by Sylvia Nasar. The film stars Russell Crow, Jennifer Connelly, Ed
Harris and Paul Bettany. The movie released in USA on December 21, 2001, it
divided to be two disks. The running time is 135 minutes.
The story began when John arrive in Princeton University. He is student
mathematic. He is a poor man; he can study on there because he gets prestigious
Carnegie Prize for mathematics. He meets Charles, who is the roommate. John
wants to find original idea to thesis paper. John makes a concept of governing
dynamic, theory of a mathematical economic. After the conclusion as a student at
Princeton, he accepts a prestigious appointment at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT), along with his friends Sol and Bender. Five years later while
teaching a class on Calculus at MIT, he places a particularly interesting problem
on the chalkboard that he dares his students to solve. When his student Alicia
Larde comes to his office to discuss the problem, John has falling in love and
eventually marry.
John meets a mysterious Department of Defense Agent, William Parcher.
John invited to a secret United Stated Department of Defense Facility in the
Pentagon to crack a complex encryption of an enemy telecommunication. Parcher
gives John a new assignment to look for pattern magazine and newspaper then
write report and sending in a specified mailbox. John feels anxious when William
tells him if the secret had known. It makes John to be paranoid.
After Alicia observing the behavior of John, she informs a psychiatric
hospital. When John comes in Harvard University, he arrested a group of
Psychiatric. John taken care in hospital. Dr.Rosen tells to Alicia if John infected
Schizophrenia. John must get insulin shock therapy to be recovering from
diseases. Nash is released on the condition that he agrees to take antipsychotic
medication. However, this medicine has bad effect. John not drink drug again.
Nevertheless, it makes the hallucination come again. The hallucination makes
John like in the past. Alicia knows that John recurrence again. Dr.Rosen asked
John to get medication but John does not want to. He wants to ignore the all of
hallucinations. Finally, he did it.
He comes back in Princeton. He forgets of his hallucination and get over
the disease. He is to be a lecturer in this University. In 1994, John gets Nobel
Prize in Economic.
A Beautiful Mind movie has audiences. They had seen this movie because
the story is unique. There are many messages that showed in conflicts, it is cause
that people is interested to see it. Based on the story in the movie, there are many
different comments from the audience. The public response has positive and
negative opinion about this movie.
A Beautiful Mind movie has 78% rating from The Rotten Tomatoes. This
is one of the very best films of the year (Traver, 2006). According to Lisa
Alspector (2002), Ron Howard suggesting the experience of John’s character,
who diagnosed with schizophrenia, make inspirational to people, but the point is
relationship to the fact of real person’s life. She was assuming that this is
awesome and good movie. The movie makes inspiration to other people.
The audiences have negative assuming about this movie because they
think that it is impossible story. They did not believe that man has schizophrenia
get Nobel Prize. They think that the story was boring. The length of time is so
long. The audiences did not know about the message of this movie. They
assuming that the schizophrenic cannot recover the disease are just ignoring the
hallucination. This is unacceptable to some people. Some people assuming that it
is represents fiction film.
During the five-day weekend of the limited release, A Beautiful Mind has
box office. The budget is $60.000.000 and get Gross revenue is $313,542,341
million worldwide in three months (Dujsik, 2002). The movie released in many
country, such as: USA (21 December 2001), Canada (25 December 2002),
Germany (12 February 2002), France (13 February 2002), Brazil (15 February
2002), Australia (23 February 2002), Italy (22 February 2002), South Korea (28
February 2002) and Mexico (1 March 2002) (Release Info, 2001).
A Beautiful Mind movie is one of the best movies. It had a lot of
appreciation in 2002. The film was awarded four Academy Awards for Adapted
Screenplay to Akiva Goldsman, Best Picture to Brian Grazer and Ron Howard,
Directing to Ron Howard, and Supporting Actress to Jennifer Connelly. It also
received four other nominations for Best Actor in a Leading Role to Russell
Crowe, Film Editing to Mike Hill and Daniel P. Hanley, Best Makeup to Greg
Cannom and Colleen Callaghan, and Original Music Score to James Horner. The
2002 BAFTAs awarded the film Best Actor and Best Actress to Russell Crowe
and Jennifer Connelly. At the 2002 AFI Awards, Jennifer Connelly won for Best
Featured Female Actor. The film was also nominated for Movie of the Year,
Actor of the Year to Russell Crowe, and Screenwriter of the Year (Award, 2001).
The main character from this movie is John Forbes Nash, mysterious and
smart mathematician. He is mathematic student in Princeton University in 1953.
He is genius and handsome man but he has infected Schizophrenia. This matter
makes him to be antisocial. He do not know how to interaction to other people
and he loss contact with society.
The theme of A Beautiful Mind movie is about Schizophrenia disease. Ron
Howard wants to give information about this disease from beginning symptom,
marking people that infected it and healing. The messages are schizophrenia the
kind of mental illness can recover with insulin shock therapy. Although this
recover is not perfect. Supporting from family is so important to recovering
process. As an audience, we can get moral from this story and experience for our
life.
A Beautiful Mind movie is a best movie. Many people had seen this movie
and they gave good comment to this movie because of the story or the character.
There are six matters making this movie more interesting.
The first, the character of this movie is very different. The writer
interested about the major character, John Forbes Nash (Russell Crow) and Alicia
Larde (Jennifer Connelly). Russell Crow really is like schizophrenic. They can
play the part of character that film is better and involving role. The audience can
entering in the story and can feeling is like on the story.
The second, the writer is interested in the casting. The cast of the movie is
great actress and actor. Especially, the major characters are beautiful and
handsome. It can be the movie more interesting. The writer assuming that
producer has a good choice when he choice cast because all of cast have good
acting.
The third, this movie has beautiful story because the director make the
movie from real life. It is gave learn about schizophrenia disease. Something that
make the story good is a schizophrenic can get Nobel Prize in economic and
struggle to recover his disease until he did it with spirit that give from his wife.
The struggle of women is living with abnormal man that interesting story in this
movie too.
The fourth, the interesting matter is setting of this movie. Almost 80
percent shooting was done in Princeton University. Other place is in
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Pentagon). The time of this movie, start
1947 until 1994. The director make the time is same on the story. The writer feels
in that year. This is so interesting.
The fifth, the property in the movie is interesting. The writer see that the
cast use dress, car, telephone same in 1947. The actress use along dress and the
actor use simple coat. When the actress drive the car, it is look like a old car. The
make up of this movie can change the face cast. The make up change from young
to old. This can change is like a reality.
The sixth, schizophrenia disease is making the writer interesting because
she never knows about this disease. The movie explains about this disease, from
the symptom and the way to recover this disease. The writer is so interested about
this movie because she wants to depth understanding about schizophrenia disease.
Therefore, based on previous reasons the writer is interested in analyzing
the movie using Psychoanalytic approach view from the framework into her
research paper entitled: “Living with Schizophrenia in Ron Howard’s A Beautiful
Mind Movie: a Psychoanalysis Approach”
B. Previous Study
Ron Howard is a popular director. Most of his movie is box office. There
is previous study that analyzes Introvert Intuitive type of John Forbes Nash
character’s in Ron Howard’s A Beautiful Mind the movie: Analytical
Psychological Approach. This analyzed by Ika Apriliana (UMS, 2006). It has the
same author but different in title and approach.
Apriliana finds that introvert of main character in the movie, namely, John
Nash. She focused to analyze introvert personality. She was dealing with
analytical psychology analysis on the main character of A Beautiful Mind. She
states that introvert intuitive type of John Nash has been influence his life and
environment.
Different from previous study, this research focused on Living with
Schizophrenia in Ron Howard’s A Beautiful Mind movie: a Psychoanalytic
Approach. The writer analyzes Schizophrenia disease of John Nash. She states
that John Nash who living with schizophrenia can stay with his disease though
this disease has been changes his life. The writer used Psychoanalytic to research
A Beautiful Mind movie.
C. Problem Statement
Concerning the ideas, which have been explained in the previous
background of the study, the problem statements of this paper, is how living with
Schizophrenia reflected in Ron Howard’s A Beautiful Mind movie?
D. Limitation of the Study
In this study, the writer focuses and analyze on the living with
Schizophrenia in Ron Howard’s A Beautiful Mind movie using Psychoanalytic
approach.
E. Objective of the Study
To describe living with schizophrenia in Ron Howard’s A Beautiful Mind
movie based on Psychoanalytic approach.
F. Benefits of the Study.
In studying the research paper, the benefits expected from study are follows:
1. Theoretical Benefit
Theoretically, the result of the study contributes to the development of
the knowledge, particularly literary study on A Beautiful Mind Movie.
2. Practical Benefit
The study is hoped to enrich knowledge and experience of the writer
and another student of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta or another
Universities who have interest with literary study on the movie from
Psychoanalytic Approach.
G. Research Method
The research method are conducted by the writer is descriptive qualitative
research.
1. Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is living with Schizophrenia in A Beautiful
Mind movie published in December 21, 2001 by DreamWorks Picture.
2. Data Sources
The data source is divided into two parts, the data sources as follow:
a. Primary data sources
The primary data sources are the movie script and the VCD and DVD
of A Beautiful Mind movie published by DreamWorks Picture in
December 21, 2001.
b. Secondary data source
The secondary data sources are including reference and materials
related to the study whether picking up from book or internet.
3. Technique of Data Collections
In collecting data, the writer used the observation method, while the
technique of collecting data is documentation.
The techniques of collecting data are:
1). Watching and learning the movie and repeatedly.
2). Determining the major character that will be analyzed.
3). Reading some related book to find the theory, data and information
required.
4). Making notes of important in both primary and secondary data sources.
5). Classifying the data into some categories.
6). Analyzing the data about Schizophrenia disease.
4. Technique of Data Analysis
The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis. The writer will
use system of personality of psychoanalytic approach to discuss living with
Schizophrenia of a Beautiful Mind movie.
I. Research Organization
The writer is going to organize this research in order to make an easy
understanding. There will be six chapters in this research paper:
Chapter I is introduction. It covers the background of study, previous study,
problem statement, limitation of the problem, objective study, benefit of the
study, research method and paper organization. Chapter II is concerns with
underlying theory. It relates to the Definition of psychoanalysis theory, system of
personality, schizophrenia disease, correlation between schizophrenia and
psychoanalytic, the symptom of schizophrenia, schizophrenia types, therapy and
rehabilitees of Schizophrenia, psychosocial therapy for schizophrenics, living
with Schizophrenia and theoretical application. Chapter III is discusses structural
element of the movie. Chapter IV is dealing with data analysis and discussion. It
covers data analysis and discussion of finding. Chapter V is conclusion and
suggestion. It includes conclusion and suggestion.
Wednesday, April 20, 2011
DEFENSE MECHANISM IN SIDNEY SHELDON’S THE STARS SHINE DOWN: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
CAHYANINGRUM, EVI (2010)
Abstract
The major problem of this study is how anxiety is reflected in the major character’s personality. The aim of this study is to analyze Sidney Sheldon’s The Stars Shine Down and the personality of the major character based on Psychoanalytic Approach. This study focuses on the major character, namely Lara Cameron. This study belongs to qualitative study. In this method, the writer uses two data source. The primary data source object of the study are, the novel The Stars Shine Down it self. Meanwhile the secondary data sources are any books of literature and psychology related to this study. The writer collects the data from both primary and secondary data source in a short of document evidence. Based on the analysis, the outcome of this study shows that the problem of major character encounters causes the conflicts of her mental condition. Then, it develops to become anxiety and influences her to do some ways to solve the problem that she faces from it. She also uses some ego defense mechanism to overcome the anxiety that appears in her personality. Finally, her ways to overcome the anxiety is successful and the problems that she faces cam loose one by one. Lately, her personality changes become more confident and brave to face the fact that she is the only woman in the real estate business with all of the obstacles.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
There are many problems arise in this world. Sometimes the problems
will make better to run this life, but sometimes such problem will make down.
All of them depend on how somebody can handle it and how people can solve
it with a positive thinking. If the people think that the problems face will make
down and he cannot through this world easily, absolutely the things that he is
afraid will become true. The person will feel frightened and sooner or later the
anxious will full in his/ her heart.
Anxiety as one of the psychology problems can occur in many ways.
Realized or not, anxiety brings the negative emotion that includes fear,
apprehension and worry, and is often accompanied by physical sensations
such as palpitations, nausea, chest pain and shortness of breath. Anxiety can
be nightmare for many people. In family life, anxiety can be seen from the
husband who has a fear of losing his wife. For a few people, anxiety is not
always a nightmare, with fear, sadness and happiness. It has a very important
function in relation to survival.
Anxiety as one of psychoanalytic principles was proposed by Sigmund
Freud, an Austrian physician. He introduced the psychoanalytic theory in the
early 1900s. the basic meaning of the term psychoanalytic is divided into two
levels, they are: the conscious (about the rational things) and the unconscious
(about the irrational things). In his research, Freud divided the component of
personality into three parts; they are id, ego, and superego. In the concept of
psychoanalytic theory, anxiety becomes the major case. As the result, Freud
described the meaning of anxiety that is “a felt active, unpleasant state,
accompanied by physical sensation that warm the person against impending
danger. The unpleasantness is often vague to hard to pinpoint, but the anxiety
it self is always felt” (Freud, 1933/1964: 81-85). According to Hall, anxiety is
“a key variable in almost all theorist of personality. The result of conflict,
which is an inevitable part of life anxiety often seen as a major component of
personality dynamics” (Hall, 1985: 41)
When the anxiety becomes bigger, the people will try to reduce it. Then
they will use some ego defense mechanism to loose the feeling of anxiety for a
while. Ego defense mechanism is used to maintain the self – esteem and to
defend against anxiety (Hilgard, 1962: 511)
Literature as work of art, gives possibility and ease in comprehending
other world, realities that happen in certain society and the value system which
are adhered by that community. In the literary works, an author in his or her
works sometimes shows the anxiety feeling of the character in much condition
or case. The author creates a conflict where the character of the novel becomes
anxious, frustrated, feeling guilty, and afraid with the next happened so the
character becomes anxious to solve his or her problem. It can be seen in a
novel written by Sidney Sheldon, where the major character Lara Cameron is
frustrated, afraid, and anxious about her condition. Actually she is a success
woman, with her hard work, she can handle all the things in the world. But
time goes by, she is wondering that maybe sometimes, there will be another
person who knows about her life before she becomes a successful woman. So,
when there is a little anxious appears in her personality, she always tries to
reduce it by using some ego defense mechanism. There are so many literary
works which illustrate the anxiety condition.
Stimulated by the case above, the writer intends to conduct a study on
psychological aspect, with the problem of the obsession on the major character
in Sidney Sheldon’s The stars Shine Down published in 1992 by Harper
Collins Publishers India Pvt Ltd in 370 pages. The others Sidney Sheldon’s
works are The Best Laid Plain, Noon, and night, Nothing Last Forever, the
Sand of Time, Memories of Midnight, page of Anger, If Tomorrow Come, and
The Other Side of Midnight. Most of his works show the psychological
development of the characters, not only the major character but also the minor
character.
The Stars Shine Down tells about the story of Lara Cameron’s life, since
she lives in poor family until she becomes a rich woman. Lara comes from a
poor family. Her father works in a boarding house and he likes drink very
much. Lara grows up in a bad environment; it leads her to become a brave girl.
Her life is not happy enough because her father never loves her anyway. He
does it because he thinks that Lara is the girl who causes her mother death,
furthermore her mother died when Lara was born. Until in the end of Lara’s
father life, he still hates Lara and never gives money to Lara. Then Lara
promises to herself that someday, she will make her father proud of her. Since
her father dies, Lara handles the boarding house; there she meets Bill Rogers a
new boarder from America. They make conversation and Bill teaches many
things about real estate to Lara. This conversation leads Lara to have a desire
that she wants to become a woman who has many building. One year later she
makes her dream come true, she tries to make one building that later will bring
her to own many building in Los Angeles. But her success is full of anxious
because she always remembers her bad past experiences.
That is why the researcher is interested in analyzing the major
character, Lara Cameron because she has very important role in the plot, and
gives information about psychological phenomenon. It is seen from the life
goal of main character, and her way that she uses to reduce her anxiety by
using some ego defense mechanism. The researcher uses Psychoanalytic
Approach to analyze this novel and takes a title for her research “DEFENSE
MECHANISM IN SIDNEY SHELDON’S THE STARS SHINE DOWN: A
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH”.
B. Literary Review
The study of The Stars Shine Down has been conducted by Andy
Susanto, the students of UMS. In his study, he analyzes the obsession of Lara
Cameron by using Individual Psychological Approach. Nevertheless, the
researcher tries to analyze this novel using psychoanalytic approach, so that it
will give some views for researcher in doing this study by using
Psychoanalytic Approach.
C. Problem Statement
The major problem of the study is “How is Defense Mechanism
reflected in Sidney Sheldon’s The Stars Shine Down?”
D. Limitation of the Study
In this research the author will focus on the main character, Lara
Cameron who has anxiety feeling which influences her personality and her
way to reduce it by using some ego defense mechanism. This study uses
Psychoanalytic Approach.
E. Objective of the Study
Dealing with the statement above, the objectives of the studies are:
1. Analyzing the novel based on its structural elements.
2. Analyzing the novel based on the psychoanalysis approach
F. Benefit of the Study
The benefits of the studies are:
1. Theoretical Benefit
This research paper is helped to give additional contributions to literature
researches dealing with Sidney Sheldon’s The Stars Shine Down.
2.Practical Benefit
This research paper has practical benefit, which is to give deeper
understanding about the content of the novel, especially from the
psychological aspect.
G. Research Method
1. Type of the Study
The researcher uses descriptive qualitative method. Here the researcher
tries to relate the discussion of analysis based on the underlying theory.
2. Objects of the Study
The researcher takes Sidney Sheldon’s The Stars Shine Down, which
contains 370 pages. Here, the researcher tries to analyze the psychological
aspects that appear in the major character’s personality.
3. Type of the Data and the Data Source
There are two types of data sources, namely:
a. Primary Data Source
The primary data source is the novel itself, The Stars Shine Down by
Sidney Sheldon.
b. Secondary Data Source
The secondary data source includes books and other data that have
relationship with the research, such as commentaries and other relevant
information.
4. Technique of the Data Collection
The methods of collecting data in this research are as follows:
1. Reading the drama script repeatedly
2. Taking note of the important part in both primary and secondary data
3. Identifying the topic of the play
4. Analyzing the data of the research based on Alfred Adler’s theory
5. Technique of the Data Analysis
The technique of Data Analysis in this study is descriptive and
hermeneutic. Description means that the researcher interprets the text and
content relating to the psychological condition of the major character,
while hermeneutic interprets the script to find out the intension of the
playwright.
H. Research Paper Organization
This research consists of five chapters. The first chapter is
introduction involving background, literature review, problem statement,
and research limitation, objective of the study, research method, and
research paper organization. The second chapter deals with the underlying
theory. It deals with the basic concepts of individual psychological theory
and theoretical application. The third chapter is structural analysis. In this
chapter the researcher explains the structural elements of the novel. The
forth is the discussion about the major character’s problem based on
Psychoanalytic Approach theory. The last chapter is conclusion and
suggestion of the research.
ANXIETY IN DAVID FINCHER’S PANIC ROOM FILM: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
CAHYONO, DWI (2010)
Abstract
The objective of the study is to describe the Panic Room film based on structural analysis and psychoanalytic analysis. This study is a qualitative study. The object of this study is Panic Room film directed by David Fincher’s released in March 29, 2002. The data source is the Panic Room itself includes the manuscript and film. The method of data collection is library research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis. The researcher concludes the structural elements of Panic Room such as character and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, theme and style are related one another and become a unity that build a good story. This film includes some conditions such as love, affection, power, common conflict, sadness, etc. It brought her into anxiety because of the influence of her personality. In the ending she got the positive thinking the strength to get the best achievement. The outcome of the study shows that the problem of the major character causes the conflict of her mental condition.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Human beings are social creatures who have to relate with the external
world. They need the nature to satisfy their wishes. They feel sad, happy,
disappointed, and anxious. Human being can’t be separated from anxiety in
their life. Every person ever feels it because they have a feeling. Sometimes
they feel anxious to lose their job, to fail in the examination, and got bad
mark. This condition makes them feels guilty, under pressure, sad and
disappointed. They are different one another, thus each is unique. Human,
though, have various nature also. Sometimes some persons can be so nice but
in the other occasion they may do so cruel. For certain case, it may emerge
very extreme. They will face anxiety if the need is not fulfilled in their daily.
The sources of anxiety come from two factors. The first factor comes
from internal human being itself or from biological instinct, and the second
factor comes from external world. Human beings do the wishes to satisfy the
need so that they will not be anxious. So the needs motivate them to relate
with external world. If human being can’t anticipate both of sources, they will
be controls by their anxiety.
Anxiety is the part of psychoanalytic theory which is the branch of
psychological theory. Sigmund Freud is the psychologist who introduced the
theory. The concepts of personality have two fundamental assumptions that
mental life is divided into two levels; they are conscious and the unconscious.
Freud divided the kinds of component of personality; they are id, ego and
superego. In defining anxiety, Freud emphasized that anxiety is “A felt
affective, unpleasant state, accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the
person against impending danger” (Feist, 1985: 31). And anxiety is “An ego
function which alerts the persons to source of impending danger that must be
counteracted or avoided” (Hjelle, 1992: 102).
In explaining about anxiety above, the writer describes the anxiety of
major character in literary works. There are so many examples of literary
work in which the character faces anxiety to solve the problem. The author
creates a conflict in which the character will face one or more difficulties to
overcome it. So they will feel anxious. One example of film is Stop-loss that
portrays the soldier anxiety in the war. The soldiers did their job in Iraq, and
they met with the fearful situations.
In this case, the writer analyzes Panic Room film. Panic Room is a
2002 thriller film directed by David Fincher. David Leo Fincher was born in
August 28, 1962. He is an Academy Award-nominated American filmmaker
and music video director known for his dark and stylish movies such as Seven,
Fight Club, Zodiac and The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. Panic Room
starring Jodie Foster and Forest Whitaker, It also stars Jared Leto, Dwight
Yoakam, and Kristen Stewart. The film tells a story of a mother and a
daughter hiding in a panic room during an invasion by three armed robbers
who aimed at millions of dollars stored in the house.
The film focuses on a panic room, a safe shelter usually located inside
a residence. The panic room in this film is protected by a four-inch-thick steel
door and an impressive security system, and features a phone line not
connected to the residence. The residence is 38 West 94th Street in Manhattan,
a four-story townhouse that was previously owned by a disabled reclusive
millionaire. Following the owner's death, the house was bought by Meg
Altman (Foster), a woman, recently divorced from the owner of a
pharmaceutical giant, who is planning to go back to college. Meg has a 12-
year-old daughter Sarah (Stewart) who suffers from Type 1 diabetes.
On the night the two moves into the house, it is broken by Junior
(Leto), the grandson of the previous owner, and Burnham (Whitaker), an
employee of the security company, the residence used the services. The two
robbers are known after $3 million in bearer bonds, which is locked inside a
floor safe in the panic room. Unknown to Burnham until after they've broken
in, Junior has recruited Raoul (Yoakam), a bus driver who lives in Flatbush, to
assist in the heist.
After discovering that the Altmans have moved into the house one
week before they anticipated, the robbers decide to go on as planned with the
heist. However, Meg wakes up and discovers the intruders from the CCTV
monitors in the panic room when she wanted to switch off its glaring light.
Before the three can stop her, she runs to Sarah, wakes her by pouring water
onto her face, and together they escape to the panic room.
The three make several attempts to get into the room, including filling
the room with propane to get the Altmans to come out, and tunneling in from
underneath. Both do not work. The Altmans make several attempts to call for
help, including signaling a nearby neighbor with a flashlight (who they can
only see from the opening of a water pipe) and tapping into the main
telephone line to call for help (because Meg has not yet hooked up the panic
room's phone). Only one works; the two get through to Meg's husband and
Sarah's father, Stephen, before the burglars cut them off. To make matters
worse, Sarah collapses due to hypoglycaemia caused by her diabetes and
unfortunately the glucagon injections are in the fridge.
However, a police patrolman arrives having received Altman's call
earlier. With Sarah trapped with the two burglars, and Raoul threatening to kill
her, Meg lies to the officer. Meanwhile, Burnham gets to work on the safe and
obtains the bearer bonds. As the duo attempt to leave while using Sarah as a
hostage, Meg and the badly injured Altman attack them. After an intense
struggle, Burnham flees while Raoul prepares to kill Meg with a
sledgehammer. However, upon hearing her screams for help, Burnham
doubles back and kills Raoul, delaying him enough that he gets caught by the
police who return as the earlier patrolman was suspicious at Meg's behaviour.
As they approach, he releases the bonds, letting them fly off into the night.
The film closes with Meg and Sarah searching for a new house in the
newspaper.
The writer tried to conduct study on personality of major character,
Meg Altman (Jodie Foster) in Panic Room film. It is the point the writer wants
to highlight. The person who has fear about the danger caused by the beyond
of the world. Therefore, the writer settles on that the appropriate approach for
this work is psychoanalysis. The title of this research is formulated
“ANXIETY IN DAVID FINCHER’S PANIC ROOM FILM: A
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH”.
B. Literary Review
The writer finds some literary reviews deals with the research. The
first literary review from Ristiani (UMS, 2005) with her Suppression Toward
The Anxiety Reaction in Tennessee William Play A Steetcar Named
Desire: A Psychoanalytic Approach. She analyzes the play and finds that
suppressions toward anxiety reaction are used to reduce Blanche Dubois.
Anxiety reduces the personality and causes mental illness for the major
character.
The second literary review is from Udin (UMS, 2005) with his
Anxiety in John Knowles’ a Separate Peace: A Psychoanalytic Approach.
He analyzes the data dealing with Gene’s structure of personality and Gene’s
anxiety. The author’s describe that jealousy will cause someone anxious and it
will add the problem in Gene’s life.
Here the writer will analyze anxiety that reflected Panic Room film
focusing on personality of major character, Meg Altman (Jodie Foster) with
Psychoanalytic approach. This research has same theory with the literary
review.
C. Problem Statement
Considering the phenomenon clarified above, the writer proposes the
problem. The problem of this research is how anxiety is reflected in David
Fincher’s Panic Room film.
D. Limitation of the Study
To focus on the study, the writer needs to limit the study. The writer
analyzes Meg Altman (Jodie Foster) as major character in Panic Room by
using psychoanalytic approach.
E. Objective of the Study
From the problem statements above, the writer can draw the objectives
of the research, they are:
1. to describe the Panic Room film based on the structural elements.
2. to describe the Panic Room film based on psychoanalytic approach.
F. Benefit of the Study
The writer expects this research will give some benefits for everyone
who concern with it. They are as in the line:
1. Theoretical Benefit.
The aim of study is to give additional information in literary research,
especially literary studies on Panic Room film.
2. Practical Benefit.
This research uses by the next researchers to do the research relates to
Psychoanalytic approach, especially on David Fincher’s Panic Room film.
G. Research Method
In every research, there should be a short method to make the
research easy to be carried out. The methods of this research are as follows:
1. Type of the Study
The writer will use descriptive qualitative research in this literary work. It
refers to research based on qualitative data taken from film script “Panic
Room” written by David Koepp and David Fincher as the director.
2. Object of the Study
The researcher took the Panic Room film written by David Koepp and
directed by David Fincher as the object of the study.
3. Types of the Data and the Data Source
a. Type of the Data
The data of this research are texts in the form of movie script and also
the motion pictures of Panic Room film.
b. The Data Source
The writer will use the data which are taken from the movie script and
VCD film of Panic Room.
4. Technique of the Data Collection
The data collection method will be library research, release
document to be observed. Meanwhile, the techniques are:
a. Reading the script and watching the movie repeatedly and carefully.
b. Identifying a particular part that is important and relevant for the
analysis.
c. Making note both primary and secondary data.
d. Arranging, researching and developing the selected materials into good
unity toward the topic of the study.
5. Technique of the Data Analysis
The writer will take the descriptive analysis in which the writer
will try to find the answer of the alteration nature of the major character in
Panic Room film using the psychoanalysis approach.
H. Research Paper Organization
In order to make this paper easy to followed, the writer makes the
paper organization. Chapter one is Introduction. It deals with background of
the study, literature review, problem statement, objective of the study,
limitation of the study, benefit of the study, research method and the research
paper organization. Chapter two deals with Underlying Theory that will
consist of the theory of psychoanalysis, character of psychoanalysis, anxiety
and theoretical application. Chapter three will concern with the structural
analysis of the work, which includes character and characterization, plot, point
of view, setting, theme, and style of the Panic Room film and the discussion.
Chapter four is deals with Psychoanalysis and Chapter five is Conclusion and
Suggestion.
PERSONALITY OF ALICIA ON A BEAUTIFUL MIND MOVIE DIRECTED BY RON HOWARD : A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
SUMMARY
IBRAHIM AFIF BADRES.
The major problem of this study is how the personality of major
character’s in personality of Alicia on A Beautiful Mind, resulted from
unhandled problem she encounters. The aim of this study is to reveal the
personality structure of the major character, which influences her behavior,
using the mean of structural and psychoanalytic analysis. The object of this
study is the personality of Alicia and it is focused on one of the major
characters, namely Alicia.
The benefit of the study is to give some contributions in the application of
psychoanalytic approach in literary study and to fulfill the requirement for
getting bachelor degree in English department. This study uses l brary data.
The primary data are taken from the movie itself, while the secondary data
from some criticism and information needed. The method of data collection is
description and the study employs Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis to answer
the problem.
The out-come of the study shows that the problem that the major character
encounters causes the conflicts of her mental condition. Alicia as a women
character can be seen on her personality according to Freud’s Theory. In this
case she accompanies to psychia tric to solve John Nash’s problem. For that
reason she needs to visit many places that have relation with John Nash’s
memories.Besides, she also meets his friends who have an information about
John Nash’s problem as Sol and Brender
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Psychology is one self-supporting science discipline. Psychology
predominated by effort and idea study elementary elements of life bounce
normal adult through research of laboratory by using introspection method.
Personality is viewed as structures which consist of three system or element,
namely id , ego, and superego. Nowadays, there are many media to deliver
message from people to another. One of them is film. Film is a great media to
deliver a message or idea. It explains other aspects such as origin of h
istory,
love, city, life and others. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific
cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is
considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and
a powerful method for educating or indoctrinating citizens. The visual elements
of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication; some
movies have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or
subtitles that translate the dialogue.
The movie A Beautiful M ind stories about mathematician that wants
to get the noble in the future. The main character is Russell Crowe as John
Nash then the other actors are Jennifer Connelly as Alicia, Ed Harris as
Parcher, Christopher Plummer as Dr. Rossen, Paul Bettany as Charles, etc.
This movie aims intense thematic material, sexual content and a scene of
violence. This movie is supported by the best crews like: Ron Howard, Brian
Grazer, Akiva Goldsman, Roger Deakinds, Mike Hill and Dan Hanley, Wynn
Thomas, James Horner, Rita Ryack, Jane Jankins, and Janet Hirshenson,
Robert Guerra, and Leslie Rollins. It was a non-fiction movie and produce d by
universal picture and Dream work picture. This movie has overall grade: A.
Alicia is stude nt of university where John Nash teaches. John Nash
start to like Alicia, later; then both of them married. Alicia and John loves
each other. Initially they live happily, until one time when John Nash show s
change. Alicia has soft feeling and attention to her husband. Until they have
very humorous child. Alicia loves her child much. When Alicia starts to know
John Nash hit by diseases of split personality, he remain s to be devoted
accompanying him. Until John Nash strangle neck of Alicia, but Alicia stands
at bay to wait for accompanying John Nash. Alicia remains to be devoted
await John Nash until she recover s and gets an appreciation Nobel.
As a public opinion shows this movie get good respond from public. It
was proven by many awards got in this movie. I n AFI Award, in USA 2002 it
won AFI Film award and nominated for male actor. Movie and screenwriter
of this year in ASCAP in 2003 won top Box Office film. It also won Academy
award for four categories and nominated for four categories. It also got award
from many festivals, such as: Amanda Award, BAFTA Award, Australian
Film Institute, etc.
After watching the movie and reading the theory of psychoanalytic, in
this paper the writer present the character of Alicia Nash by applying
psychoanalytic approach. T
herefore, the writer takes PERSONALITY OF
ALICIA ON A BEAUTIFUL MIND MOVIE DIRECTED BY RON
HOWARD: PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
B. Literary Review
The researcher found two research papers on the same object. There
are “Introvert Intuitive of John Nash’s A Beautiful Mind the Movie: Analytical
Psychological Approach” and “Defense Mechanism in Sylvia Nasar’s A
Beautiful Mind: Psychoanalytic Approach”. Both analyze about John Nash but
different from his analysis. He analyzed about Alicia Nash.
In this research, the writer studies similar film, but using different
approach that is psychoanalytic focusing on personality of the major character.
The result is analyzed something that the personality of the major character
(Alicia Nash) in A Beautiful Mind.
C. Problem Statement
The writer will focus his work on“ How is personality of Alicia
reflected in A Beautiful Mind Movie?”
D. Limitation of the Study
The researcher limits the research on the personality of major character
Alicia viewed from Psychoanalytic perspective.
E. Objectives of the Study
Based on the problem statement above, there are two objectives of the
research that the writer concern:
1. to analyze the structural element of A Beatiful Mind movie, and
2. to analyze the movie based on psychoanalytic approach.
F. Benefit o f the Study
The benefits of this study are:
1. Theoretical Benefit
To give additional contribution to the other literary research, especially in
the study of A Beautiful Mind’s movie.
2. Practical Benefit
To enrich the literary study, especially to the students of Surakarta
Muhammadiyah University who like the literary work and it improves
the writer understanding in applying on psychoanalytic approach.
G. Research Method
1. Object of the Study
The writer will research A Beautiful Mind movie. This is based on
the true story of Peter Winter. This movie is directed by Ron Howard and
released on 2001.
2. Type of the Data and the Data Source
Types of data source in this research are classified into two
categories called primary data and secondary data.
a. Primary data : Primary data source is the film of A Beautiful Mind.
b. Secondary data: The secondary data source, are internet and relevant
books.
3. Type of the Study
The research about this movie belongs to qualitative research. It is
called so because it does not need a sta tistic to explore the facts.
Qualitative research is a type of research that does not include calculation
and enumeration.
4. Technique of the Data Collection
In collecting the data of this research, the writer uses the library
research. The steps of data collection procedure are follow s:
a. Watching A Beautiful M ind movie repeatedly to get deep understanding.
b. Reading some related books entitles Psychoanalytic Psychology or
Dodge Fernald, to find out the theory, data, and information.
c. Making notes of important parts of both primary and secondary data
Sources.
d.Selecting some particular parts of considered important and relevant
for analysis.
5. Technique of the Data Analysis
The technique of data analysis of this research is descriptive
qualitative analysis with content analysis. The writer is gathering the data
from watching the movie to have deep understanding. In secondary data,
the writer uses Psychoanalytic approach and compares between A
Beautiful Mind movie and the data from browsing internet.
H. Paper Organization
The research paper is divided into five chapters:
The first chapter consists of introduction, there are background of the
study, literary review, problem statement, objectives of the study, benefit of
the study, research methods, and paper or ganization. The second chapter deals
with theoretical approach includes the notion of psychoanalytic and system of
personality. The third chapter is structural analysis. T his chapter explains the
structural elements of the movie and it consists of characte r and
characterization, setting, plot, point of view, theme, mise-en-scene,
cinematography, editing and sound. The fourth chapter is psychoanalytic
analysis and discussion. Finally, the research paper presents conclusion and
suggestion in the chapter five
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
DEFENSE MECHANISM OF JERRY SHAW IN D.J.CARUSO’S EAGLE EYE MOVIE (2008): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
AKBAR, MOCHAMAD ADAM ALI (2010)
Abstract
The research is proposed to analyze a defense mechanism in a movie with the title Eagle Eye with Psychoanalytic Approach. There are two objectives: the first is to analyze the movie in term of structural elements, and the second is to analyze the movie based on Psychoanalytic Approach. This Research is a descriptive qualitative study, using the movie of D.J. Caruso’s Eagle Eye as the object of analysis of the style study. There are two kinds of data sources use in this analyzing, namely primary and secondary. The primary data are the movie and script of the movie itself and the secondary data sources are some books, internet and articles related to the subject. The technique of data collection in this research is library research by summarizing, paraphrasing and documenting the data. In analyzing the data, the writer employs descriptive qualitative analysis. The analysis is started by analyzing Jerry Shaw’s id, ego, superego, and then his anxiety. For the last, the writer makes an analysis of Jerry Shaw’s character using defense mechanism. The outcome of the Research shows that the movie illustrates a defense mechanism of Jerry Shaw in modern world twenty first century. He works as a copy man and ARIIA suddenly comes then Jerry shows his defense to protect himself. Finally, the conclusion of this analysis is that people can do anything to protect their selves and people who they love.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Problem is the one thing that always comes into human’s life. It is a fact
that people cannot avoid the problem in life. One that people can do just face it as
well as they can. Usually someone will do something as the defense from his
problem or anxiety of something. For example a man that does not know anything
in any situation suddenly has a phone call from a stranger and has to do what the
speaker says in the phone call, he will do something to protect himself or to do
what he wants. Maybe in other situation such as in an office, an officer will do
anything that the boss says because he is scared. An officer also realizes that at
office, boss is the leader and what he says is something that any officers have to
do even though they do not like it. When they are out from the office far from
their boss, they do what they want and sometime they switch all the pressure from
their boss to their friends. In this case, people show defense against open
expression of id impulses.
Defense mechanism is a way that people use to protect the individual selfesteem
and defend them against excessive anxiety when facing with continuing
frustration (Hilgard, 1962: 511). The ego defense mechanism can make people
feel satisfied, although it cannot help them much. This way just gives another way
on giving the perfect reason on doing something, rejects about something and
makes their personality better when they feel inferior and anxious. Freud (in
Hjelle and Ziegler, 1976: 38) stated that defense mechanism is a strategy used by
the individual to defense against open expression of id impulses and super ego
pressure. Here, the writer wants to explore the defense mechanism on the major
character’s personality that is shown in Eagle Eye, a movie written by Dan
McDermott and directed by D.J. Caruso.
Nowadays, the story of the movie based not only on true story of the
writer, but also from the imagination story of someone or something in the world.
Usually the director takes one of the greatest thought or one of the greatest people
as the resources or the idea to make a movie.
There are many directors who make the movie based on imagination story.
One of them is D.J. Caruso. Daniel John "D.J." Caruso was born in January 17,
1965. Caruso graduated from Pepperdine University. He married Holly Kuespert
on July 6, 1991 and they have 5 children. He is an American director and producer
from Norwalk, Connecticut. Caruso has directed the movies Disturbia, Two for
the Money, Taking Lives, The Salton Sea, and Eagle Eye. He has also directed
television episodes for shows such as The Shield, Over There, Smallville, Dark
Angel. His first feature movie as a director was The Salton Sea which starred Val
Kilmer. It was released in 2002. In 2004, Caruso directed Taking Lives with
Angelina Jolie, Ethan Hawke and Kiefer Sutherland. The movie was released in
theaters on March 16, 2004. He directed his first music video in 2007 for the song
"Don't Make Me Wait" by This World Fair. In 2007, Caruso was asked by Steven
Spielberg to direct Disturbia. The movie was Caruso's first big hit grossing over
$117 million, with only a $20 million budget. It starred Shia LaBeouf, Sarah
Roemer, David Morse, Aaron Yoo, and Carrie-Anne Moss. It was released April
13, 2007 in theaters and on DVD August 7.
Eagle Eye movie was released in September 26, 2008, and published
Dream Works Picture. This movie was played in 118 minutes. Eagle Eye was
Caruso's second collaboration with Shia LaBeouf. It also starred Michelle
Monaghan, Billy Bob Thornton, and Rosario Dawson and was released in theaters
September 26, 2008. It was produced by Steven Spielberg. Critic reactions were
mixed but, on its opening weekend the movie grossed $29.1 million dollars in
3,510 theaters in the United States and Canada. It has grossed $201 million
worldwide with a movie budget of $80 million.
The movie begins with Jerry Shaw (Shia LaBeouf) who is a Stanford
University dropout who lacks direction and faces financial difficulty. He finds out
that his more ambitious twin brother Ethan, an Air Force lieutenant with expertise
in parallel algorithms and quantum electronics, is dead. Following the funeral in
January 2009, he goes to withdraw some money from an ATM and is surprised to
see that he has $750,000 in his account. When he returns home, he finds his
apartment filled with a large number of weapons, explosives, and forged
documents. He receives a phone call from an unknown woman, with a vaguely
familiar voice, who explains that the FBI will apprehend him in thirty seconds and
that he must escape.
Not believing her, he is caught by the FBI and sent to an interrogation
room where he meets Special Agent Thomas Morgan (Billy Bob Thornton). When
Morgan leaves the room to meet with Air Force Office of Special Investigations
Special Agent Zoe Perez (Rosario Dawson), the unknown woman arranges Jerry's
escape over a phone by a crane which hits the building. Jerry has escaped and the
unknown woman has him join up with single mother Rachel Holloman (Michelle
Monaghan). The unknown woman is coercing Rachel into assisting Jerry by
threatening to kill her son, Sam, a trumpet player on his way to Washington, D.C.,
from Chicago for a band recital.
The woman helps the pair to avoid the Chicago Police and FBI units,
demonstrating the ability to remotely control virtually any networked device, such
as traffic lights that turns into green, cell phones, automated cranes, and even
electrical wires. While Jerry and Rachel follow her instructions, the woman has
other 'agents' (other people whom she has blackmailed) create a crystal explosive
made into a necklace and its sound-based trigger placed inside Sam's trumpet.
Jerry and Rachel are led from Chicago to Washington, D.C. via Kendall County,
Indianapolis and Dayton, Ohio through various means. They reach a Circuit City
electronics store to which the woman directs them. Over several television screens
she introduces herself to them: she is a top secret supercomputer, the same one
seen in the beginning of the movie, called "Autonomous Reconnaissance
Intelligence Integration Analyst" (ARIIA) (voiced by Julianne Moore) tasked with
gathering intelligence from all over the world.
In light of the mistake made by the President at the beginning of the
movie, ARIIA has decided that the executive branch is a threat to the public good
and must be eliminated. ARIIA plans to destroy the President's cabinet, and calls
this Operation Guillotine. She has decided to leave the Secretary of Defense who
had agreed with her recommendation to abort the mission as the successor to the
presidency. ARIIA does not reveal this to Jerry or Rachel, merely explaining that
she is trying to help the people of the United States.
At the Pentagon, where ARIIA is housed, Agent Perez discovers that
Jerry's late brother, Ethan, worked as a technician for the computer and locked it
down to prevent ARIIA from carrying out her plan. Perez warns the Secretary of
Defense and they discuss the situation in a sealed room to prevent ARIIA from
hearing their conversation. Jerry and Rachel arrive at the Pentagon and are led to
the supercomputer, where ARIIA forces Jerry to impersonate Ethan and use his
own biometrics to override the lockdown, allowing her to go ahead with the plan.
ARIIA shows Jerry CCTV footage displaying Ethan's fatal car crash,
explaining that she orchestrated his death because he was a threat to her plans.
ARIIA then instructs Rachel to eliminate Jerry to prevent the lock from being
reinstated, but Rachel cannot bring herself to do it. Rachel is led out of the
building, when ARIIA calls in some guards, while Jerry is caught by Agent
Morgan. Having been warned by Agent Perez, Morgan believes Jerry's story and
takes him to the United States Capitol. ARIIA sends a MQ-9 Reaper UCAV after
them. They barely escape the drone's first pass, and Agent Morgan sacrifices
himself to destroy the drone and save Jerry. Meanwhile, Agent Perez returns to
the supercomputer and destroys it by draining out the cooling fluid.
Rachel is unknowingly given the explosive necklace by an official who
was also coerced by ARIIA and Rachel is sent to the Capitol to watch the
President's speech where she is left to die along with her son and the presidential
staff. Sam's class, whose recital has been moved from the Kennedy Center to the
Capitol for the President's State of the Union Address, begins to play. The trigger
that will set off the explosive necklace is set to activate when Sam plays a
sustained "high F" on his trumpet corresponding to the word "free" in the last
stanza of the U.S. national anthem, as ARIIA had arranged this as poetic justice,
believing the president to not be brave. Jerry successfully gains entry dressed as a
Capitol policeman and fires his pistol into the air, stopping the performance just
before the deadly note. Jerry is then shot several times by a confused Secret
Service agent.
In a hearing after the chaos ARIIA caused, the Secretary of Defense urges
that another supercomputer should not be built: "sometimes the very measures we
put into place to safeguard our liberty become threats to liberty itself," he cautions
them. Ethan posthumously receives the Medal of Honor and Agent Morgan
posthumously receives the Commendation Medal, while Jerry, injured but alive
and well, receives the Congressional Gold Medal. The movie ends with Jerry
attending Sam's birthday party. Rachel thanks him for attending, which her exhusband
had never done, and kisses him on the cheek. She then tells Jerry that
she's glad he's there. He then responds, "Me too".
Considering the above explanatory ideas, the writer turns to analyze the
movie by using psychoanalytic approach because of some consideration. The first
reason because of Jerry Shawn’s personality is the mirror of human being. He has
the feeling of ambition, anxiety and confusion when he meets something and faces
the reality in his life. The second is that the movie has great possibility to know
the phenomenon of psychological problems in the character.
The third is that the movie really interesting because it uses many
experienced actors and actress. So it makes this movie really promising to be
watched. The fourth reason is that this movie has a good story that not all modern
technology are useful for all sectors in human life, in this case used by security
military sector that illustrated in this movie. The fifth reason because this movie
teaches not to depend on technology. In this study the writer encourages himself
to give a title: DEFENSE MECHANISM OF JERRY SHAW IN D.J. CARUSO’S
EAGLE EYE MOVIE (2008): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
B. Literature Review
As long as the writer knows, there is no other research that has been
conducted to study the movie Eagle Eye in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta and Surakarta Region.
C. Problem Statement
Based on the title and background of the study, the writer formulates the
problem as follows: “How is the defense mechanism reflected in the main
character’s personality of Jerry Shawn in Eagle Eye movie?".
D. Limitation of the Study
In this study, the writer will focus on the analysis of main character’s
personality and the ego defense mechanism, which appears using psychoanalytic
approach.
E. Objectives of the Study
Dealing with the problem statement above, the objectives of the study are
as follows:
1. Analyzing the structural elements of the movie Eagle Eye.
2. Analyzing the movie based on the psychoanalytic approach.
F. Benefit of the Study
There are some benefits expected from this study, such as:
1. Theoretical Benefit
This research can contribute to the knowledge about literary study especially
psychological approach toward the literary work.
2. Practical Benefit
This research can give more understanding about the movie, especially the
main character in Eagle Eye from psychoanalytic approach.
G. Research Method
1. Object of the Study
The writer takes the film Eagle Eye as the object of the study. This
movie is directed by D.J. Caruso and published by Dream Works Pictures.
2. Type of the Data and the Data Source
The writer divides the data source into two categories:
a. Primary data source
The primary data source of the study is Eagle Eye movie.
b. Secondary data source
The writer takes the secondary data source, including reference and
materials related to the study whether picking up from books or internet.
3. Technique of the Data Collection
The writer uses two techniques of data collection:
a. Observation
It is used to make the analysis by watching the movie several times to get
the understanding about this movie.
b. Library research
There are some procedures in library research:
1) Watching the movie several times and determining the character that
will be analyzed.
2) Reading some related books to find out the theory, data and
information required.
3) Making notes of important parts in both primary data and secondary
data.
4) Classifying the data into categories.
5) Drawing conclusion to get the last result.
4. Technique of the Data Analysis
The writer uses two techniques in analyzing the data:
a. Analyzing the structural elements of the movie includes the narrative
elements and technical elements.
b. Analyzing the defense mechanism of main character using descriptive
qualitative analysis.
5. Type of the Study
The type of this study is descriptive qualitative. Descriptive qualitative
is a type of research which result the descriptive data in the form of written
or oral words from the observed object.
H. Paper Organization
The writer makes an organization of this paper in order to make an easy
understanding. There are five chapters in this research paper. Chapter I is
introduction which consist of background of the study, literature review,
problem statement, limitation of the study, objective of the study, benefit of
the study, research method, and paper organization. Chapter II is underlying
theory. It deals with the notion of psychoanalytic theory, the basic concepts of
psychoanalysis and theoretical application. Chapter III is structural analysis of
the movie, including narrative and technical elements. Chapter IV is dealing
with the analysis of the major character using psychoanalytic approach.
Finally Chapter V is conclusion and suggestion of the research.
LANDON CARTER'S PERSONALITIES DEVELOPMENT IN ADAM SHANKMAN’S A WALK TO REMEMBER MOVIE: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
AURORIA, RAHAJENG SARININGDYAH (2010)
Abstract
This research paper elaborates the personalities development of Landon Carter in A Walk to Remember movie that are analyzed through psychoanalytic approach. The objectives of the research are to analyze the structural elements of the movie and to analyze the movie based on psychoanalytic approach. This research belongs to a descriptive qualitative research. The primary data of the research is the movie entitled A Walk to Remember movie whereas the secondary data source comes from the text of the movie being researched and secondary data source such as biography of the author, websites and other sources. The method to analyze the data is descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis toward the movie, the writer concludes that the personalities development of Landon Carter are shown by the structural elements which build the film such as characters, setting, plot, theme, and mise-en-scene and from psychoanalysis perspective through the system personality of Landon Carter.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A.
Background of the Study Life is always full of mystery that no one could ever know what will be happening in the future life. It could be getting worse but it is neither impossible if it turns to be something good, something better and even the best that it has ever had. Everybody is changing, and it is caused by some certain factors. Sometimes, a change is needed to make someone to be a better person or to reach a dream. However, a change is not an easy and simple thing to do. The change of thought and point of view will lead someone to the changing personalities. This could be caused by someone else’s influence or something undergone in life. A lesson of being changing and changed can be noticed on the film A Walk to Remember in which the major character is undergoing such changing of his personality and his life after he has met with a girl that he never thought he would be falling in love with. He uses to be such a popular rebellion guy, but then he is changing into someone else’s better. There is such a personality development of him that is interesting to be observed.
A Walk to Remember is one of the most favorable movies played in the early 2002. The movie is originally taken from the novel of Nicholas Sparks with the same title “A Walk to Remember”. Following the success of the novel selling as one of the bestseller, the movie, then, becomes one of the blockbuster movie in the US. This movie is directed by Adam Shankman and produced by Denise DiNovi and Hunt Lowry for Warner Bros. The novel, written by Sparks, is set in the 1950s while the film is set in present day. The film is released on January 23, 2002. The movie takes about 102 minutes long play.
The movie is presenting Shane West as Landon Carter and the popular young pop singer Mandy Moore as Jamie Sullivan. The setting is taken place in Wilmington, North Carolina at the same time as Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (2002) and the TV show Dawson's Creek are being filmed there. The total shooting time is only 39 days. The movie also successfully grabs some awards indeed, such as: MTV Movie Awards in 2002 which is won by Mandy Moore for the category of Breakthrough Female performances. Also in the same year, the couple Mandy Moore and Shane West win the film- Choice Chemistry which is awarded by Teen Choice.
The man behind the success of A Walk to Remember is a director named Adam Shankman. Before turning to be a filmmaker, Adam Shankman was an inventive dance and physical comedy choreographer. He was one of the top music video dance choreographers in the business before stepping behind the camera to direct such high-profile mainstream comedies as The Wedding Planner, Bringing Down the House, and The Pacifier. In his childhood, Shankman was interested in a lot to theater, then, from Los Angeles he moved to the East Coast to join in Juilliard dance program after graduating high school, and spent the next five years as a dancer and actor in and around New York.
Shankman finally find his calling as a director with such features as the teen romance A Walk to Remember, Bringing Down the House, and Cheaper by the Dozen 2. in 2005, Shankman expanded his role of executive producer of the suburban comedy The Pacifier, which he continues until the film of Cheaper by the Dozen 2 and the dance drama Step Up in 2006. The story of A Walk to Remember goes when firstly Landon Carter (Shane West), the popular but rebellious, and his friends hanging out in a place nearby the lake to “train” their new member wannabe, Clay Gephardt. The accident happens after clay is jumping out to the lake and he get hurt, when at the same time, the security finds them and get Landon Carter as the only person left to catch. The headmaster detents him to carry out the mandatory participation in various after-school activities, such as tutoring disadvantaged children and performing in the drama club's spring musical. This situation forces him to have such interaction with Jamie Sullivan, the innocent religious and geek Jamie Sullivan (Mandy Moore). The daughter of their church's pastor, a girl he has known for many years but the one whom he is rarely talking to.
When Landon has trouble with his drama dialogue, he is coming to Jamie and asking for help. Jamie is so surprised that Landon has been asking her for help. But then finally, Jamie agrees to help Landon with one condition.
Jamie wants Landon to promise her that he would never fall in love with her. Landon deals it and they would be having practice after school. During the practices, Landon learns a lot about Jamie and her wish list of things she hopes to do in her life, such as getting a tattoo and being in two places at once. One day, Jamie meets Landon in his locker in front of his friends, she is asking him about the practice. But Landon answers her sarcastically, pretending as if they were never doing the practice. That afternoon Landon arrives at Jamie's house, hoping that Jamie will still mind to help him with his dialogue. But Jamie slams the door in front of him and tells him about her disappointment. It makes Landon have to practice the dialogue on his own. During the drama play, Jamie surprised everyone who is in the play house, including Landon, with her appearance, beauty and voice. Jamie who usually appears in an old fashioned style with her old sweater and dress, at the moment is changing into such an angel with her beautiful dress and make-up, plus her beautiful voice. Landon is so enthralled of Jamie that he kisses Jamie at the end of the show which is not on the script. Starting from that moment, Landon always tries to find a way to pursue Jamie who always rejects him because she is previously being disappointed by Landon.
Meanwhile, Dean, Belinda, Eric and some other friends of Landon makes a joke about Jamie. They make a poster of a sexy lady of virgin Marie with Jamie face and they spread it all over the school. Landon finds it, he gets angry and punches Dean that makes him have a fight with his friends. He
decides to help Jamie and take her home. He also asks Jamie for having dinner together. And they finally get dinner together. Landon tells Jamie that he wants to go out of Beoufort, but Jamie convinces Landon that she has a faith in him. Days after days, Landon starts to accomplish Jamie’s wish lists like being in two places at once and getting a tattoo. He is also naming a star for Jamie, since he knows that Jamie is interested a lot about stars and planets. And he is truly falling in love with Jamie.
Jamie finally tells Landon that she suffers from leukemia and has stopped responding to treatments. Landon is shocked and getting nothing to do or say. He comes to his father, Dr. Carter, and asks him to examine Jamie. Landon’s relation with his father is never been good since both of his parents decided to divorce. Dr. Carter finally helps Jamie by giving her a treatment in her house. It makes up Landon’s relation toward his father. So does with his friends. They come to Landon for saying their condolence about what happened to Jamie and apologizing about what they have done to Jamie. Landon continues to fulfill the wishes on Jamie's list, such as building her a telescope so she can see a comet that she wished so much to see. Her father, who at first did not approve of him, is helping him out. After Jamie sees the comet through the telescope, Landon proposes her a marriage just like what she wants on her number one wish list. The number one of her wish lists is that she wants to get married in the church when her mother was married.
Jamie passes away shortly after they get married. And Landon will still be Landon that has a faith which he proves successfully by finishing his college and being accepted into the medical school just like what he wishes to be. His meeting with Jamie has changed every single part of his life including his relationship with his father which has never been good since the family is divorced. Jamie teaches him everything, about love, life and faith. Jamie always has a faith to Landon that he finally reaches what he is dreaming of. Moreover, he makes Jamie witness a miracle just like her wish of which the miracle is Landon himself. Based on the previous review, the writer is interested in analyzing the major character, Landon Carter, who is undergoing such personalities development. The research will be analyzed using Sigmund Freud theory of psychoanalysis. The writer entitles the research ”LANDON CARTER’S PERSONALITIES DEVELOPMENT IN ADAM SHANKMAN’S A WALK TO REMEMBER MOVIE: A PSYCHOANALYTICS APPROACH”. B. Previous Study The film of A Walk to Remember is a film that is adapted from novel with the same title which is written by Nicholas Park. There are no other researches that have been conducting to study the movie A Walk to Remember in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
C. Problem Statement The problem statement proposed by the writer is discussing about how the changes of the Landon Carter’s personality system. D. Limitation of the Study The writer will limit the study to the personality’s development of the major character, Landon Carter. E. Objectives of the Study Based on the problem statement above, the writer determines the objective of the study as follow: 1. To analyze the film based on its structural elements. 2. To analyze Landon Carter’s personality based on psychoanalytic perspective. F. Benefits of the Study The writer hopes this research gives some benefits for the writer herself and the readers in general. The research is expected to give benefit as follows:
1. Theoretical Benefits This research can give information and knowledge to the other literary researcher and to reader, especially in the literary study in analyzing both the novel and the film of A Walk to Remember. 2. Practical Benefits This research can enrich the writer’s and the reader’s knowledge and experience concerning with psychoanalytic approach. G. Research Method In this part, the writer presents five points of research method. They can be mentioned as follows: 1. Object of the Study The object of the study is A Walk to Remember movie which is directed by Adam Shankman.
2. Type of the Study
The writer will use descriptive qualitative research in this literary work. Qualitative Research is an inquiry process of understanding based on the distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore a social or human problem. The researcher builds a complex, holistic picture, analyzes words, reports detailed views of informants, and conducts the study in a natural setting (Creswell, 1998: 15).
3. Type of the Data and the Data Source
The data in this research is the dialogue or phrase from the film and the script of A Walk to Remember movie. The writer divides the data source into two categories: a. Primary data source The primary data source is taken from the film A Walk to Remember which is directed by Adam Shankman and also the film script. b. Secondary data source The secondary data sources are books related to the film, the review of the film, comments, criticism, homepage and other relevance source. The data were taken from official website, etc. 4. Technique of the Data Collection The method used in this study is library research, which means that the data from both, primary and secondary sources are collected and recorded as a sort document used as evidence. There are some procedures in library research: a. Watching the film several times and determining the character that will be analyzed. b. Reading some related books to find out the theory, data and information required. c. Making notes of important parts in both primary data and secondary data. d. Classifying the data into categories.
e. Drawing conclusion to get the last result. 5. Technique of the Data Analysis The writer uses two techniques in analyzing the data: a. Analyzing the structural elements of the film includes the narrative elements and technical elements. b. Analyzing the personalities development of main character using descriptive qualitative analysis. H. Research Paper Organization The research organization of the research are as follows: chapter one is introduction which includes background of the study, Previous Study, Problem Statement, objectives of the Study, Limitation of the Study, Benefits of the Study, theoretical Approach, Research method and also Research Paper Organization. Chapter two is Underlying theory. It deals with the notion of Psychoanalytic theory, the basic concept of psychoanalysis and theoretical application. Chapter three deals with structural analysis of the film and includes narrative and technical elements. Chapter Four is dealing with the analysis of the major character using psychoanalytic approach. And the last chapter is conclusion and suggestion of the research.